Asian Research Journal of Arts & Social Sciences

The aim of the study was to examine the Health Risk implication among solid waste workers in Obio Akpor LGA of Rivers state. The study was carried out at the Rivers State Waste Management Agency in Obio-Akpor Local government area of Rivers State between January 2019-March 2019. The survey method was employed and the simple random technique was adopted whilst 265 copies of the questionnaire were used to elicit information from the number of employee. The result finding showed that the major health implication that was identified was Typhoid, malaria, Diarrhea and other form of disease, this was as a result that respondents had a pre requisite knowledge of the effect of poor waste management to human health Furthermore it was revealed from the findings that the major source of solid waste is from the residential area and plastics are a major composition of the solid waste. It was discovered that majority of the respondents in Obio akpor local government area prefer to dump their waste at authorized dump site and this is normally done within 1-5 days and this is done daily. it was concluded that solid waste workers should be provided with vaccination programs on typhoid and malaria , pre-employment and periodic health surveillance in order to detect early signs of disease and monitor their ability to work.

Despite numerous violence emerged and recognised in most part of the world, gender based violence causes severe impact on both mentally and physically to both the genders which ultimately threats the future of younger generation. As whole, it is evidenced by various Government and Non-Governmental activities in order to minimize the impacts towards the evolution to a peaceful nature from the household level. Violence against women is a widespread problem in Sri Lanka where cultural values and norms serve to highlight the abusive practices against women. The present study was conducted in Eravur Pattu Divisional Secretariat Division (Chenkalady), Sri Lanka in order to evaluate the current situation with the clinical based signs of the affected ones.

Primary and secondary data were collected from the Primary Health Care Centres which is widely distributed in the study location of the Eravur Pattu Divisional Secretariat Division, Sri Lanka. According to the statistical responses derived from the records from the local authorities, more than 70% of the total women were victimized in broad terms of physical, sexual and psychological abuses. It was relatively higher (90%) in the villages named as Marapalam (78%), Karadiyanaru (75%), Sinnapullumalai (83%), and Periapullumalai (80%). Moreover, physical abuses (81.5%) including slapping, pinching, kicking, burning etc were slightly higher while comparing with the sexual abuse (unwanted sexual contact- 48%) and emotional abuse (verbally humiliated/ illegal- 67%) at the identified locations. However, the present study indicates that there is a significant reduction while comparing with the yester years which might be due to the proper awareness on the basis of compromising and facing problems supported by the services carried out by the local organizations in Sri Lanka. The random sampling method has been used while interviewing the samples, and the available records from the authorities have been used for analysing.

Aims: Majority of slum people are living in poor quality housing where the absence of basic amenities is a significant issue. The primary aim of the study was to determine the present status of sanitation and waste disposal patterns of the selected slum areas of Sylhet City Corporation (SCC).

Study Design: Both descriptive and analytical methods were applied to reach the final outcome.

Methodology: To conduct the study, 355 samples were collected from five different wards through a constructive questionnaire survey. Key Information Interview (KII), field observation, and focus group discussion (FGD) were also used to collect data.

Results: While the slum people are always struggling to ensure their basic needs, they don’t give emphasis on the sanitary, hygiene, health condition, etc. About 80.4% of slum dwellers defecate in an unhygienic place which may cause various diseases and lead to water pollution by pathogenic microbes. Only 54.9% of people dispose of their waste in a proper way and the others are accountable for environmental pollution by disposing of waste here and there. This study also reveals the socioeconomic condition, health issues, and other water-related challenges of the slum dwellers.

Conclusion: Due to lack of education and knowledge about health and hygiene, unwillingness, poverty, etc. are the possible reasons behind the deterioration of the situation of slum inhabitants. Thus, several remedial measures need to be taken for the improvement of sanitation and waste disposal system.

Marx's concept of ideology plays an important role in construction of historical materialism from 1842-1852. To some extent, it was through the intermediary of ideological criticism that Marx realized the transformation from idealism to materialism, and thus constructed and developed historical materialism. Specifically, through the systematic criticism of concrete ideology, Marx gradually discovered the decisive role of civil society in the superstructure, which helped him transform from idealism to materialism, and lay the foundation for the final discovery of historical materialism; through the discussion of the general ideology, Marx mainly expounded the basic principles of historical materialism, which helped him subvert the basis of the western philosophical metaphysics since Plato, and realize the logical transcendence of the previous philosophical theory; through the analysis of class ideology, Marx revealed the decisive role of economic interests on class consciousness, which helped him develop historical materialism and lay the theoretical foundation for criticism of political economy in his later writings.

Conflict between pastoralist and wildlife in Tanzania becomes the issues of discussion by different stakeholders at different levels, this study state general objective that assesses the effects of conflict between pastoralist and wildlife conservation in Muhesi Game Reserve (MGR). Data collection methods included interview, documentary review, Focus Group Discussion (FGD)) and observations. A sample of 98 respondents was surveyed. Analysis involved descriptive and inferential statistics (chi square) for quantitative data and content analysis for qualitative data. The study revealed that, the main existing conflict was pastoralist-wildlife conservation conflict apart of other conflicts. Results further revealed that major causes of the conflict includes grazing cattle in game reserves, shortage of land for grazing, large number of cattle, low knowledge in relation to wildlife conservation and legal framework related to the management of wildlife. Study revealed that, conflict between pastoralist and wildlife conservation posed effects to the surrounding community, wildlife game reserve, pastoralists and wildlife managers. In community, it leads deterioration of relationship among the community members, wildlife managers and communities surrounding the villages. Pastoralist reported loss of their life also cattle through forfeitures and death. In game reserves, a mainly effect revealed was decrease of ecosystem functions. To address the conflict and its effects, conservation education and population controls are taken into account. However, there are challenges facing conflict management includes scarcity of resources, cultural barriers, corruption and political interest. Study concluded that pastoralist-wildlife conflicts exist and should not be ignored. The study recommends that, in order to manage the conflict and their effects; the Central Government in collaboration with relevant stakeholders should establish proper village land use plan which will accommodate different land users, also controlling immigrant of pastoralist.